The analyses are performed for the general population, then by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and income. and to add to the existing conversation, we used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2000 through 2019 to comprehensively investigate the effects of cigarette taxation and pricing per pack of 20 cigarettes on smoking behaviors. Thus, these mixed conclusions require more research on this topic. A comprehensive understanding of the impacts of cigarette taxes and prices is essential for policymakers. For instance, previous work concluded that increased taxes and prices work more effectively among low-income individuals, while a recent study suggested the contrary. The evidence about how the effects of tax and price increases are distributed across subpopulations is also inconsistent. Others have reported weak or no statistically significant effects of cigarette prices and taxes on cigarette use. Some studies have found that cigarette tax and price increases have significant impacts on reducing smoking prevalence. There are a growing number of studies in the literature investigating the relationship between smoking behaviors and cigarette prices and taxes among adults and adolescents. Among all interventions, increasing cigarette taxes, and thus increasing the price per cigarette pack, is documented to be the most effective strategy in lowering smoking prevalence, especially among young people and people with low socioeconomic status. Many tobacco control interventions, such as cigarette taxes, warning labels, smoke-free indoor air laws, and public health messages, have been introduced to discourage smoking initiation and encourage smoking cessation. Cigarette smoking, a serious public health issue, claims about 480,000 lives annually. However, as cigarette price and tax changes disproportionately affect low-income individuals, raising cigarette prices and taxes may deepen income disparities.Ĭigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Increases in cigarette prices and taxes are significantly associated with a reduction in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking among adults across different demographic and socioeconomic groups.
Cigarette price and tax changes were likely to have a smaller effect on individuals with annual income under $25,000 relative to individuals with higher income levels. Raising cigarette prices and taxes was estimated to be more effective in reducing the smoking prevalence among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics when compared to non-Hispanic whites.
The estimates also show that males tended to be more price-sensitive than females. Cigarette tax and price increases produced the most powerful impact on the smoking prevalence of 18- to 24-year-olds. The results indicate that higher cigarette prices and taxes were associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking.
All the analyses were conducted for the general population, then by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and income level. Using 2000–2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we employed linear mixed-effect models to re-examine the impact of cigarette prices and taxes on smoking prevalence and the proportion of current smokers having tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months. This work is devoted to re-evaluating the relationship between cigarette prices and taxes and smoking behaviors. The conclusions on how tax and price increases affect smoking behaviors are mixed.
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